<chapter id="RedBoot-Commands-and-Examples">
<title>RedBoot Commands and Examples</title>
<sect1>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para><indexterm><primary>RedBoot</primary><secondary>commands and examples
</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>commands and examples</primary>
</indexterm>RedBoot provides three basic classes of commands:    <itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Program loading and execution</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Flash image and configuration management</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Miscellaneous commands</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>Given the extensible and configurable nature of eCos and RedBoot,
there may be extended or enhanced sets of commands available.</para>
<para>The basic format for commands is:    <programlisting>RedBoot> COMMAND [-S]... [-s val]... operand
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Commands may require additional information beyond the basic
command name. In most cases this additional information is optional, with
suitable default values provided if they are not present. 

      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Format</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Example</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-S</entry>	     
	      <entry>A boolean switch; the behavior of the command will differ, depending
on the presence of the switch.  In this example, the <userinput>-f</userinput> switch
indicates that a complete initialization of the FIS data should be performed.
There may be many such switches available for any given command and any or all of
them may be present, in any order.</entry>
	      <entry>
                <computeroutput> RedBoot> <userinput>fis init -f</userinput></computeroutput>
              </entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-s<replaceable> val</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>A qualified value; the letter "s" introduces the value, qualifying it's meaning.  In the
example, <userinput>-b 0x100000</userinput> specifies where the memory dump should begin.
There may be many such switches available for any given command and any or all of
them may be present, in any order.
</entry>
	      <entry>
                <computeroutput> RedBoot> <userinput>dump -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput></computeroutput>
              </entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable> operand</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>A simple value; some commands require a single parameter for which an additional
<userinput>-X</userinput> switch would be redundant.  In the example, <userinput>JFFS2</userinput>
is the name of a flash image.  The image name is always required, thus is no need to qualify it with 
a switch.
Note that any un-qualified operand must always appear at the end of the command.</entry>
	      <entry>
                <computeroutput> RedBoot> <userinput>fis delete JFFS2</userinput></computeroutput>
              </entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>

</para>
<para>The list of available commands, and their syntax, can be obtained by
typing <command>help</command> at the command line:    
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>help</userinput>
Manage aliases kept in FLASH memory
      alias name [value]
Set/Query the system console baud rate
      baudrate [-b &lt;rate>]
Manage machine caches
      cache [ON | OFF]
Display/switch console channel
      channel [-1|&lt;channel number>]
Display disk partitions
      disks
Display (hex dump) a range of memory
      dump -b &lt;location> [-l &lt;length>] [-s]
Manage flash images
      fis {cmds}
Manage configuration kept in FLASH memory
      fconfig [-i] [-l] [-n] [-f] [-d] | [-d] nickname [value]
Execute code at a location
      go [-w &lt;timeout>] [entry]
Help about help?
      help [&lt;topic>]
Set/change IP addresses
      ip_address [-l &lt;local_ip_address>] [-h &lt;server_address>]
Load a file
      load [-r] [-v] [-d] [-c &lt;channel>] [-h &lt;host>] [-m {TFTP | HTTP | {x|y}MODEM | disk}]
      [-b &lt;base_address>] &lt;file_name>
Network connectivity test
      ping [-v] [-n &lt;count>] [-t &lt;timeout>] [-i &lt;IP_addr]
      -h &lt;host>
Reset the system
      reset
Display RedBoot version information
      version
Display (hex dump) a range of memory
      x -b &lt;location> [-l &lt;length>] [-s]
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Commands can be abbreviated to their shortest
unique string. Thus in the list above, <command>d,du,dum</command>
and dump are all valid for the <command>dump</command> command. The <command>fconfig</command>
command can be abbreviated <command>fc</command>, but 
<command>f</command> would be ambiguous with <command>fis</command>.
</para>
<para>There is one additional, special command. When RedBoot detects '$' or '+'
(unless escaped via '\') in a command, it switches to GDB protocol mode. At this
point, the eCos GDB stubs take over, allowing connections from a GDB host.
The only way to get back to RedBoot from GDB mode is to restart the platform.
</para>
<note><title>NOTE</title>
<para>
Multiple commands may be entered on a single line, separated by the semi-colon &ldquo;;&rdquo; character.
</para>
</note>
<para>The standard RedBoot command set is structured around the bootstrap
environment. These commands are designed to be simple to use and remember,
while still providing sufficient power and flexibility to be useful. No attempt
has been made to render RedBoot as the end-all product. As such, things such
as the debug environment are left to other modules, such as GDB stubs, which
are typically included in RedBoot. </para>
<para>The command set may be also be extended on a platform basis. </para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="common-commands">
<title>Common Commands</title>
<para>
  <indexterm><primary>commands</primary><secondary>common</secondary>
  </indexterm>
</para>

<!-- ******** alias *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="alias-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>alias</refname>
      <refpurpose>Manipulate command line aliases</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>alias</command>
	<arg choice="req"><replaceable> name</replaceable></arg>
	<arg><replaceable> value</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>name</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>The name for this alias.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>value</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>String</entry>
	      <entry>Replacement value for the alias.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>The <command>alias</command> command is used to maintain simple command
line aliases.  These aliases are shorthand for longer expressions.
When the pattern %{name} appears in a command line, including in a script,
the corresponding value will be substituted.  Aliases may be nested.
      </para>
      <para>
If no value is provided, then the current value of the alias is displayed.
      </para>
      <para>
If the system supports non-volatile configuration data via the 
<command>fconfig</command> command (see <xref linkend="Persistent-State-Flash">),
then the value will be saved and used when the system is reset.
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Set an alias.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>alias joe "This is Joe"</userinput>
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? n
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Display an alias.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>alias joe</userinput>
'joe' = 'This is Joe'
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Use an alias.  Note: the <command>"="</command> command simply echoes the command to to console.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>= %{joe}</userinput>
This is Joe
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Aliases can be nested.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>alias frank "Who are you? %{joe}"</userinput>
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? n
RedBoot> <userinput>= %{frank}</userinput>
Who are you? This is Joe
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Notice how the value of %{frank} changes when %{joe} is changed since
the value of %{joe} is not evaluated until %{frank} is evaluated.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>alias joe "This is now Josephine"</userinput>
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? n
RedBoot> <userinput>= %{frank}</userinput>
Who are you? This is now Josephine
</screen>
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** baudrate *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="baudrate-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>baudrate</refname>
      <refpurpose>Set the baud rate for the system serial console</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>baudrate</command>
	<arg>-b<replaceable> rate</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-b <replaceable>rate</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>The baud rate to use for the serial console.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>The <command>baudrate</command> command sets the baud rate for the system serial console.
      </para>
      <para>
If no value is provided, then the current value of the console baud rate is displayed.
      </para>
      <para>
If the system supports non-volatile configuration data via the 
<command>fconfig</command> command (see <xref linkend="Persistent-State-Flash">),
then the value will be saved and used when the system is reset.
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Show the current baud rate.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>baudrate</userinput>
Baud rate = 38400
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Change the console baud rate.  In order to make this operation safer,
there will be a slight pause after the
first message to give you time to change to the new baud rate.
If it doesn't work, or a less than affirmative answer is given to the 
"continue" prompt, then the baud rate will revert to the current value.
Only after the baud rate has been firmly established will <emphasis>RedBoot</emphasis>
give you an opportunity to save the value in persistent storage.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>baudrate -b 57600</userinput>
Baud rate will be changed to 57600 - update your settings
<emphasis>Device baud rate changed at this point</emphasis>
Baud rate changed to 57600 - continue (y/n)? y
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? n
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** cache *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="cache-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>cache</refname>
      <refpurpose>Control hardware caches</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>cache</command>
	<group>
	  <arg>on</arg>
	  <arg>off</arg>
	</group>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>on</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Turn the caches on</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>off</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Turn the caches off</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>The <command>cache</command> command is used to manipulate the caches on the processor. </para>
      <para>With no options, this command specifies the state of the system caches.</para>
      <para>When an option is given, the caches are turned off or on appropriately.</para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Show the current cache state.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>cache</userinput>
Data cache: On, Instruction cache: On
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Disable the caches.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>cache off</userinput>
RedBoot> <userinput>cache</userinput>
Data cache: Off, Instruction cache: Off
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Enable the caches.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>cache on</userinput>
RedBoot> <userinput>cache</userinput>
Data cache: On, Instruction cache: On
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** channel *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="channel-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>channel</refname>
      <refpurpose>Select the system console channel</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>channel</command>
	<group>
	  <arg>-1</arg>
	  <arg><replaceable>channel_number</replaceable></arg>
	</group>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-1</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Reset the console channel</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>channel_number</entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Select a channel</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>
With no arguments, the <command>channel</command> command displays the current console channel number.
</para><para>
When passed an argument of 0 upward, this command switches the console
channel to that channel number. The mapping between channel numbers and
physical channels is platform specific but will typically be something like
channel 0 is the first serial port, channel 1 is the second, etc.
</para><para>
When passed an argument of -1, this command reverts RedBoot to responding
to whatever channel receives input first, as happens when RedBoot initially
starts execution.
</para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Show the current channel.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>channel</userinput>
Current console channel id: 0
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Change to an invalid channel.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>channel 99</userinput>
**Error: bad channel number '99'
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Revert to the default channel setting (any console mode).
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>channel -1</userinput>
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** cksum *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="cksum-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>cksum</refname>
      <refpurpose>Compute POSIX checksums</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>cksum</command>
	    <arg choice="req">-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></arg>
	    <arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Memory address</entry>
	      <entry>Location in memory for stat of data.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of data</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
	  <para>Computes the POSIX checksum on a range of memory (either RAM or FLASH).
The values printed (decimal cksum, decimal length, hexadecimal cksum,
	  hexadecimal length) can be compared with the output from the Linux program 'cksum'.
</para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Checksum a buffer.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>cksum -b 0x100000 -l 0x100</userinput>
POSIX cksum = 3286483632 256 (0xc3e3c2b0 0x00000100)
</screen> 
      </para>
      <para>
Checksum an area of memory after loading a file. Note that the base
address and length parameters are provided by the preceding
load command.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>load -r -b %{FREEMEMLO} redboot.bin</userinput>
Raw file loaded 0x06012800-0x0602f0a8
RedBoot> <userinput>cksum</userinput>
Computing cksum for area 0x06012800-0x0602f0a8
POSIX cksum = 2092197813 116904 (0x7cb467b5 0x0001c8a8)
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** disks *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="disks-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>disks</refname>
      <refpurpose>List available disk partitions.</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>disks</command>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
<para>None.</para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
	<para>The <command>disks</command> command is used to list disk partitions recognized by RedBoot.</para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Show what disk partitions are available.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>disks</userinput>
hda1     Linux Swap
hda2     Linux
00100000: 00 3E 00 06 00 06 00 06  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.>..............|
00100010: 00 00 00 78 00 70 00 60  00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60  |...x.p.`.`.`.`.`|
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** dump *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="dump-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>dump</refname>
      <refpurpose>Display memory.</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>dump</command>
	    <arg choice="req">-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></arg>
	    <arg>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg>
	    <arg>-s</arg>
	  <group>
	    <arg>-1</arg>
	    <arg>-2</arg>
	    <arg>-4</arg>
	  </group>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Memory address</entry>
	      <entry>Location in memory for start of data.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of data</entry>	     
	      <entry>32</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-s</entry>	     
	      <entry>Boolean</entry>
	      <entry>Format data using Motorola S-records.</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-1</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Access one byte (8 bits) at a time.  
Only the least significant 8 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry>	     
	      <entry>-1</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-2</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Access two bytes (16 bits) at a time.  
Only the least significant 16 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry>	     
	      <entry>-1</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-4</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Access one word (32 bits) at a time.</entry>	     
	      <entry>-1</entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
	<para>Display a range of memory on the system console.</para>
	<para>The <command>x</command> is a synonym for <command>dump</command>.</para>
        <para>Note that this command could
be detrimental if used on memory mapped hardware registers. </para>
        <para>The memory is displayed at most sixteen bytes per line, first as the
raw hex value, followed by an ASCII interpretation of the data. </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Display a buffer, one byte at a time.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x100000 -l 0x20 -p 0xDEADFACE</userinput>
RedBoot> <userinput>x -b 0x100000</userinput>
00100000: CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE  CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE  |................|
00100010: CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE  CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE  |................|
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Display a buffer, one short (16 bit) word at a time.  Note in this case that
the ASCII interpretation is suppressed.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>dump -b 0x100000 -2</userinput>
00100000: FACE DEAD FACE DEAD  FACE DEAD FACE DEAD 
00100010: FACE DEAD FACE DEAD  FACE DEAD FACE DEAD 
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Display a buffer, one word (32 bit) word at a time.  Note in this case that
the ASCII interpretation is suppressed.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>dump -b 0x100000 -4</userinput>
00100000: DEADFACE DEADFACE DEADFACE DEADFACE 
00100010: DEADFACE DEADFACE DEADFACE DEADFACE 
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Display the same buffer, using Motorola S-record format.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>dump -b 0x100000 -s</userinput>
S31500100000CEFAADDECEFAADDECEFAADDECEFAADDE8E
S31500100010CEFAADDECEFAADDECEFAADDECEFAADDE7E
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Display a buffer, with visible ASCII strings.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>d -b 0xfe00b000 -l 0x80</userinput>
0xFE00B000: 20 25 70 0A 00 00 00 00  41 74 74 65 6D 70 74 20 | %p.....Attempt |
0xFE00B010: 74 6F 20 6C 6F 61 64 20  53 2D 72 65 63 6F 72 64 |to load S-record|
0xFE00B020: 20 64 61 74 61 20 74 6F  20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | data to address|
0xFE00B030: 3A 20 25 70 20 5B 6E 6F  74 20 69 6E 20 52 41 4D |: %p [not in RAM|
0xFE00B040: 5D 0A 00 00 2A 2A 2A 20  57 61 72 6E 69 6E 67 21 |]...*** Warning!|
0xFE00B050: 20 43 68 65 63 6B 73 75  6D 20 66 61 69 6C 75 72 | Checksum failur|
0xFE00B060: 65 20 2D 20 41 64 64 72  3A 20 25 6C 78 2C 20 25 |e - Addr: %lx, %|
0xFE00B070: 30 32 6C 58 20 3C 3E 20  25 30 32 6C 58 0A 00 00 |02lX &lt;> %02lX...|
0xFE00B080: 45 6E 74 72 79 20 70 6F  69 6E 74 3A 20 25 70 2C |Entry point: %p,|
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** help *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="help-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>help</refname>
      <refpurpose>Display help on available commands</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>help</command>
	<arg><replaceable> topic</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>topic</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>String</entry>
	      <entry>Which command to provide help for.</entry>	     
	      <entry>All commands</entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>
The <command>help</command> command displays information about the available
RedBoot commands.  If a <emphasis>topic</emphasis> is given, then the display
is restricted to information about that specific command.
      </para>
      <para>
If the command has sub-commands, e.g. <command>fis</command>, then the topic
specific display will print additional information about the available sub-commands.
special (ICMP) packets to a specific host. These packets should be automatically
returned by that host. The command will indicate how many of these round-trips
were successfully completed. 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Show generic help.  Note that the contents of this display will depend on the various configuration
options for RedBoot when it was built.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>help</userinput>
Manage aliases kept in FLASH memory
   alias name [value]
Manage machine caches
   cache [ON | OFF]
Display/switch console channel
   channel [-1|&lt;channel number&gt;]
Compute a 32bit checksum [POSIX algorithm] for a range of memory
   cksum -b &lt;location&gt; -l &lt;length&gt;
Display (hex dump) a range of memory
   dump -b &lt;location&gt; [-l &lt;length&gt;] [-s] [-1|2|4]
Manage FLASH images
   fis {cmds}
Manage configuration kept in FLASH memory
   fconfig [-i] [-l] [-n] [-f] [-d] | [-d] nickname [value]
Execute code at a location
   go [-w &lt;timeout&gt;] [entry]
Help about help?
   help [&lt;topic&gt;]
Set/change IP addresses
   ip_address [-l &lt;local_ip_address&gt;] [-h &lt;server_address&gt;]
Load a file
   load [-r] [-v] [-d] [-h &lt;host&gt;] [-m {TFTP | HTTP | {x|y}MODEM -c &lt;channel_number&gt;}]
        [-b &lt;base_address&gt;] &lt;file_name&gt;
Compare two blocks of memory
   mcmp -s &lt;location&gt; -d &lt;location&gt; -l &lt;length&gt; [-1|-2|-4]
Fill a block of memory with a pattern
   mfill -b &lt;location&gt; -l &lt;length&gt; -p &lt;pattern&gt; [-1|-2|-4]
Network connectivity test
   ping [-v] [-n &lt;count&gt;] [-l &lt;length&gt;] [-t &lt;timeout&gt;] [-r &lt;rate&gt;]
        [-i &lt;IP_addr&gt;] -h &lt;IP_addr&gt;
Reset the system
   reset 
Display RedBoot version information
   version 
Display (hex dump) a range of memory
   x -b &lt;location&gt; [-l &lt;length&gt;] [-s] [-1|2|4]
</screen> 
      </para>
      <para>
Help about a command with sub-commands.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>help fis</userinput>
Manage FLASH images
   fis {cmds}
Create an image
  fis create -b &lt;mem_base&gt; -l &lt;image_length&gt; [-s &lt;data_length&gt;]
      [-f &lt;flash_addr&gt;] [-e &lt;entry_point&gt;] [-r &lt;ram_addr&gt;] [-n] &lt;name&gt;
Display an image from FLASH Image System [FIS]
  fis delete name
Erase FLASH contents
  fis erase -f &lt;flash_addr&gt; -l &lt;length&gt;
Display free [available] locations within FLASH Image System [FIS]
  fis free 
Initialize FLASH Image System [FIS]
  fis init [-f]
Display contents of FLASH Image System [FIS]
  fis list [-c] [-d]
Load image from FLASH Image System [FIS] into RAM
  fis load [-d] [-b &lt;memory_load_address&gt;] [-c] name
Write raw data directly to FLASH
  fis write -f &lt;flash_addr&gt; -b &lt;mem_base&gt; -l &lt;image_length&gt;
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** ip_address *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="ip-address-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>ip_address</refname>
      <refpurpose>Set IP addresses</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>ip_address</command>
	<arg>-l <replaceable> local_IP_address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-h <replaceable> server_IP_address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-d <replaceable>
DNS_server_IP_address</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-l <replaceable>
local_IP_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry>
	      <entry>The IP address RedBoot should use.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-h <replaceable>
server_IP_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry>
	      <entry>The IP address of the default server. Use of this
address is implied by other commands, such as
<command>load</command>.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-d <replaceable>
DNS_server_IP_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry>
	      <entry>The IP address of the DNS server.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>The <command>ip_address</command> command is used to show and/or change the basic IP
addresses used by RedBoot. IP addresses may be given as numeric
values, e.g. 192.168.1.67, or as symbolic names such as www.redhat.com
if DNS support is enabled.
      </para>
      <para>
The <option>-l</option> option is used to set the IP address used by
the target device.
      </para>
      <para>
The <option>-h</option> option is used to set the default server
address, such as is used by the <command>load</command> command.
      </para>
      <para>
The <option>-d</option> option is used to set the default DNS server
address which is used for resolving symbolic network addresses. Note
that an address of 0.0.0.0 will disable DNS lookups.
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Display the current network settings. 
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>ip_address</userinput> 
IP: 192.168.1.31, Default server: 192.168.1.101, DNS server IP: 0.0.0.0 
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Change the DNS server address. 
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>ip_address -d 192.168.1.101</userinput> 
IP: 192.168.1.31, Default server: 192.168.1.101, DNS server IP: 192.168.1.101 
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Change the default server address. 
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>ip_address -h 192.168.1.104</userinput> 
IP: 192.168.1.31, Default server: 192.168.1.104, DNS server IP: 192.168.1.101
</screen>
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** load *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="download-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>load</refname>
      <refpurpose>Download programs or data to the RedBoot platform</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>load</command>
	<arg>-v </arg>
	<arg>-d </arg>
	<arg>-r </arg>
	<arg>-m
          <group>
            <arg choice="req"><group>
              <arg>xmodem</arg>
              <arg>ymodem</arg>
            </group></arg>
            <arg>tftp</arg>
            <arg>disk</arg>
	  </group>
        </arg>  
	<arg>-h <replaceable> server_IP_address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-b <replaceable> location</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-c <replaceable> channel</replaceable></arg>
        <arg><replaceable>file_name</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-v</entry>	     
	      <entry>Boolean</entry>
	      <entry>Display a small spinner (indicator)
while the download is in  progress. This is just for feedback, especially
during long loads. Note that the option has no effect when using a
serial download method since it would interfere with the protocol.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>quiet</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-d</entry>	     
	      <entry>Boolean</entry>
	      <entry>Decompress data stream (gzip data)</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>non-compressed data</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-r</entry>	     
	      <entry>Boolean</entry>
	      <entry>Raw (or binary) data</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>formatted (S-records, ELF image, etc)</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-m tftp</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Transfer data via the network using <acronym>TFTP</acronym> protocol.</entry>	     
	      <entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-m http</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Transfer data via the network using <acronym>HTTP</acronym> protocol.</entry>	     
	      <entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-m xmodem</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Transfer data using <emphasis>X-modem</emphasis> protocol.</entry>	     
	      <entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-m ymodem</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Transfer data using <emphasis>Y-modem</emphasis> protocol.</entry>	     
	      <entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-m disk</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Transfer data from a local disk.</entry>	     
	      <entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-h <replaceable>server_IP_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry>
	      <entry>The IP address of the <acronym>TFTP</acronym> or <acronym>HTTP</acronym> server.</entry>	     
	      <entry>Value set by <command>ip_address</command></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address in memory to load the data.  Formatted data streams will have
an implied load address which this option may override.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>Depends on data format</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-c <replaceable>channel</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Specify which I/O channel to
use for download.  This option is only supported when using either
xmodem or ymodem protocol.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>Depends on data format</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>file_name</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>String</entry>
	      <entry>The name of the file on the <acronym>TFTP</acronym> or <acronym>HTTP</acronym>
server or the local disk. Details of how this is specified for <acronym>TFTP</acronym> are
host-specific. For local disk files, the name must be in <emphasis>disk</emphasis>:
<emphasis>filename</emphasis> format. The disk portion must match one of the disk
names listed by the <command>disks</command> command.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>None</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>
The <command>load</command> command is used to download
data into the target system. Data can be loaded via a network connection,
using either the <acronym>TFTP</acronym> or <acronym>HTTP</acronym> protocols, or the console serial connection using the
X/Y modem protocol. Files may also be loaded directly from local filesystems
on disk. Files to be downloaded may either be executable images in 
ELF executable program format,
Motorola S-record (SREC)
format or raw data.
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Download a Motorola S-record (or ELF) image, using <acronym>TFTP</acronym>, specifying the 
base memory address.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>load redboot.ROM -b 0x8c400000</userinput>
Address offset = 0x0c400000
Entry point: 0x80000000, address range: 0x80000000-0x8000fe80
</screen> 
      </para>
      <para>
Download a Motorola S-record (or ELF) image, using <acronym>HTTP</acronym>, specifying the
host [server] address.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>load /redboot.ROM -m HTTP -h 192.168.1.104</userinput>
Address offset = 0x0c400000
Entry point: 0x80000000, address range: 0x80000000-0x8000fe80
</screen> 
      </para>
      <para>
Load an ELF file from /dev/hda1 which should be an EXT2 partition:
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>load -mode disk hda1:hello.elf</userinput>
Entry point: 0x00020000, address range: 0x00020000-0x0002fd70
</screen>
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** mcmp *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="mcmp-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>mcmp</refname>
      <refpurpose>Compare two segments of memory</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>mcmp</command>
	    <arg choice="req">-s <replaceable>location1</replaceable></arg>
	    <arg choice="req">-d <replaceable>location1</replaceable></arg>
	    <arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg>
	  <group>
	    <arg>-1</arg>
	    <arg>-2</arg>
	    <arg>-4</arg>
	  </group>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-s <replaceable>location1</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Memory address</entry>
	      <entry>Location for start of data.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-d <replaceable>location2</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Memory address</entry>
	      <entry>Location for start of data.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of data</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-1</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Access one byte (8 bits) at a time.  
Only the least significant 8 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry>	     
	      <entry>-4</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-2</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Access two bytes (16 bits) at a time.  
Only the least significant 16 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry>	     
	      <entry>-4</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-4</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Access one word (32 bits) at a time.</entry>	     
	      <entry>-4</entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
	<para>Compares the contents of two ranges of memory (RAM, ROM, FLASH, etc).</para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Compare two buffers which match (result is <emphasis>quiet</emphasis>).
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x100000 -l 0x20 -p 0xDEADFACE</userinput>
RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x200000 -l 0x20 -p 0xDEADFACE</userinput>
RedBoot> <userinput>mcmp -s 0x100000 -d 0x200000 -l 0x20</userinput>
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Compare two buffers which don't match.  
Only the first non-matching element is displayed.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>mcmp -s 0x100000 -d 0x200000 -l 0x30 -2</userinput>
Buffers don't match - 0x00100020=0x6000, 0x00200020=0x0000
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** mfill *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="mfill-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>mfill</refname>
      <refpurpose>Fill RAM with a specified pattern</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>mfill</command>
	    <arg choice="req">-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></arg>
	    <arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg>
	    <arg choice="req">-p <replaceable>value</replaceable></arg>
	  <group>
	    <arg>-1</arg>
	    <arg>-2</arg>
	    <arg>-4</arg>
	  </group>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Memory address</entry>
	      <entry>Location in memory for start of data.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of data</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-p <replaceable>pattern</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Data value to fill with</entry>	     
	      <entry>0</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-1</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Access one byte (8 bits) at a time.  
Only the least significant 8 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry>	     
	      <entry>-4</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-2</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Access two bytes (16 bits) at a time.  
Only the least significant 16 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry>	     
	      <entry>-4</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-4</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Access one word (32 bits) at a time.</entry>	     
	      <entry>-4</entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
	<para>Fills a range of memory with the given pattern.</para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Fill a buffer with zeros.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>x -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput>
00100000: 00 3E 00 06 00 06 00 06  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.>..............|
00100010: 00 00 00 78 00 70 00 60  00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60  |...x.p.`.`.`.`.`|
RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput>
RedBoot> <userinput>x -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput>
00100000: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00100010: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Fill a buffer with a pattern.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x100000 -l 0x20 -p 0xDEADFACE</userinput>
RedBoot> <userinput>x -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput>
00100000: CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE  CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE  |................|
00100010: CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE  CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE  |................|
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** ping *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="ping-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>ping</refname>
      <refpurpose>Verify network connectivity</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>ping</command>
	<arg>-v </arg>
	<arg>-i <replaceable> local_IP_address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-l <replaceable> length</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-n <replaceable> count</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-t <replaceable> timeout</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-r <replaceable> rate</replaceable></arg>
	<arg choice="req">-h <replaceable> server_IP_address</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-v</entry>	     
	      <entry>Boolean</entry>
	      <entry>Be verbose, displaying information about each packet sent.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>quiet</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-n <replaceable>local_IP_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Controls the number of packets to be sent.</entry>	     
	      <entry>10</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-i <replaceable>local_IP_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry>
	      <entry>The IP address RedBoot should use.</entry>	     
	      <entry>Value set by <command>ip_address</command></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-h <replaceable>server_IP_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry>
	      <entry>The IP address of the host to contact.</entry>
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>The length of the ICMP data payload.</entry>	     
	      <entry>64</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-r <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>How fast to deliver packets, i.e. time between successive sends.
A value of 0 sends packets as quickly as possible.</entry>	     
	      <entry>1000ms (1 second)</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-t <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>How long to wait for the round-trip to complete, specified in milliseconds.</entry>	     
	      <entry>1000ms (1 second)</entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>
The <command>ping</command> command checks the connectivity of the local network by sending
special (ICMP) packets to a specific host. These packets should be automatically
returned by that host. The command will indicate how many of these round-trips
were successfully completed. 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Test connectivity to host 192.168.1.101.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>ping -h 192.168.1.101</userinput>
Network PING - from 192.168.1.31 to 192.168.1.101
PING - received 10 of 10 expected
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
Test connectivity to host 192.168.1.101, with verbose reporting.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>ping -h 192.168.1.101 -v -n 4</userinput>
Network PING - from 192.168.1.31 to 192.168.1.101
 seq: 1, time: 1 (ticks)
 seq: 2, time: 1 (ticks)
 seq: 3, time: 1 (ticks)
 seq: 4, time: 1 (ticks)
PING - received 10 of 10 expected
</screen> 
</para>
<para>
<screen>
Test connectivity to a non-existent host (192.168.1.109).
RedBoot> <userinput>ping -h 192.168.1.109 -v -n 4</userinput>
PING: Cannot reach server '192.168.1.109' (192.168.1.109)
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** reset *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="reset-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>reset</refname>
      <refpurpose>Reset the device</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>reset</command>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
<para><emphasis>None</emphasis></para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>
The <command>reset</command> command causes the target platform to be reset.
Where possible (hardware support permitting), this will be
equivalent to a power-on reset condition.
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Reset the platform.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>reset</userinput>
... Resetting.+... Waiting for network card: .
Socket Communications, Inc: Low Power Ethernet CF Revision C 5V/3.3V 08/27/98
Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:c0:1b:00:ba:28
IP: 192.168.1.29, Default server: 192.168.1.101

RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [ROM]
Non-certified release, version UNKNOWN - built 10:41:41, May 14 2002

Platform: Compaq iPAQ Pocket PC (StrongARM 1110) 
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, Red Hat, Inc.

RAM: 0x00000000-0x01fc0000, 0x00014748-0x01f71000 available
FLASH: 0x50000000 - 0x51000000, 64 blocks of 0x00040000 bytes each.
RedBoot> 
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>


<!-- ******** version *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="version-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>version</refname>
      <refpurpose>Display RedBoot version information</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>version</command>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <para><emphasis>None</emphasis></para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>The <command>version</command> command simply displays version information about RedBoot.
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Display RedBoot's version.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>version</userinput>
RedBoot(tm) debug environment - built 09:12:03, Feb 12 2001
Platform: XYZ (PowerPC 860)
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, Red Hat, Inc.
RAM: 0x00000000-0x00400000
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

</sect1>
 
<sect1 id="Flash-Image-System">
<title>Flash Image System (FIS)</title>
<para><indexterm><primary>commands</primary><secondary>flash image system
</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>flash image system commands</primary>
</indexterm><indexterm><primary>commands</primary><secondary>fis</secondary>
</indexterm><indexterm><primary>fis commands</primary></indexterm>If the platform
has flash memory, RedBoot can use this for image storage. Executable images,
as well as data, can be stored in flash in a simple file store. The <command>
fis</command> command (fis is short for Flash Image System) is used to
manipulate and maintain flash images.
</para>

<!-- ******** fis init ************************************************ -->

  <refentry id="fis-init-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis init</refname>
      <refpurpose>Initialize Flash Image System (FIS)</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis init</command>
	<arg><replaceable>-f</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-f</entry>	     
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>All blocks of flash memory (except for the boot
	      blocks) will be erased as part of the initialization
	      procedure.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>

       <para>This command is used to initialize the Flash Image System
       (FIS). It should normally only be executed once, when RedBoot
       is first installed on the hardware. If the reserved images or
       their sizes in the FIS change, due to a different configuration
       of RedBoot being used, it may be necessary to issue the command
       again though.

        <note><para>Subsequent executions will cause loss of
       previously stored information in the FIS.</para></note>
     </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Initialize the FIS directory.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>fis init</userinput>
About to initialize [format] flash image system - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>
*** Initialize FLASH Image System
    Warning: device contents not erased, some blocks may not be usable
... Erase from 0x00070000-0x00080000: .
... Program from 0x0606f000-0x0607f000 at 0x00070000: .
</screen> 
</para>

      <para>
Initialize the FIS directory and all of flash memory, except for first
blocks of the flash where the boot monitor resides.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>fis init -f</userinput>
About to initialize [format] flash image system - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>
*** Initialize FLASH Image System                                               
... Erase from 0x00020000-0x00070000: .....                                     
... Erase from 0x00080000-0x00080000:                                           
... Erase from 0x00070000-0x00080000: .                                         
... Program from 0x0606f000-0x0607f000 at 0x00070000: .                         
</screen> 
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

<!-- ******** fis list ************************************************ -->
  <refentry id="fis-list-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis list</refname>
      <refpurpose>List Flash Image System directory</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis list</command>
	<arg><replaceable>-f</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-c</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Show image checksum instead of memory address
	      (column <computeroutput>Mem addr</computeroutput> is
	      replaced by
	      <computeroutput>Checksum</computeroutput>).</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-d</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Show image data length instead of amount of flash
	      occupied by image (column
	      <computeroutput>Length</computeroutput> is replaced by
	      <computeroutput>Datalen</computeroutput>).</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
<para>This command lists the images currently available in the FIS. Certain
images used by RedBoot have fixed names and have reserved slots in the
FIS (these can be seen after using the <command>fis init</command>
command). Other images can be manipulated by the user.</para>
<note><para>The images are listed in the order they appear in the FIS
directory, not by name or creation time.</para></note>
    </refsect1>

    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
List the FIS directory.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>fis list</userinput>
Name              FLASH addr  Mem addr    Length      Entry point               
RedBoot           0x00000000  0x00000000  0x00020000  0x00000000                
RedBoot config    0x0007F000  0x0007F000  0x00001000  0x00000000                
FIS directory     0x00070000  0x00070000  0x0000F000  0x00000000                
</screen> 
</para>

      <para>
List the FIS directory, with image checksums substituted for
memory addresses.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>fis list -c</userinput>
Name              FLASH addr  Checksum    Length      Entry point               
RedBoot           0x00000000  0x00000000  0x00020000  0x00000000                
RedBoot config    0x0007F000  0x00000000  0x00001000  0x00000000                
FIS directory     0x00070000  0x00000000  0x0000F000  0x00000000                
</screen> 
</para>

      <para>
List the FIS directory with image data lengths substituted for flash
block reservation lengths.
<screen> 
RedBoot> <userinput>fis list</userinput>
Name              FLASH addr  Mem addr    Datalen     Entry point               
RedBoot           0x00000000  0x00000000  0x00000000  0x00000000                
RedBoot config    0x0007F000  0x0007F000  0x00000000  0x00000000                
FIS directory     0x00070000  0x00070000  0x00000000  0x00000000                
</screen> 
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

<!-- ******** fis free ************************************************ -->

  <refentry id="fis-free-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis free</refname>
      <refpurpose>Free flash image</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis free</command>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>


<para>This command shows which areas of the flash memory are currently
not in use. When a block contains non-erased contents it is considered
in use. Since it is possible to force an image to be loaded at a
particular flash location, this command can be used to check whether
that location is in use by any other image.</para>

<note><para>There is currently no cross-checking between actual flash
contents and the FIS directory, which mans that there could be a
segment of flash which is not erased that does not correspond to a
named image, or vice-versa.</para></note>
    </refsect1>

    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Show free flash areas.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fis free</userinput>
        0xA0040000 .. 0xA07C0000
        0xA0840000 .. 0xA0FC0000
</screen></para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

<!-- ******** fis create ************************************************ -->

  <refentry id="fis-create-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis create</refname>
      <refpurpose>Create flash image</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis create</command>
	<arg choice="req">-b <replaceable> data address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg choice="req">-l <replaceable> length</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-f <replaceable> flash address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-e <replaceable> entry</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-r <replaceable> relocation address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-s <replaceable> data length</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-n </arg>
	<arg><replaceable>name</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-b</entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address of data to be written to the flash.</entry>
	      <entry>Address of last loaded file. If not set in a load
	      operation, it must be specified.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-l</entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of flash area to occopy. If specified, and
	      the named image already exists, the length must match
	      the value in the FIS directory.</entry>
	      <entry>Length of area reserved in FIS directory if the
	      image already exists, or the length of the last loaded
	      file. If neither are set, it must be specified.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-f</entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address of flash area to occopy.</entry>
	      <entry>The address of an area reserved in the FIS
	      directory for extant images. Otherwise the first free block
	      which is large enough will be used.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-e</entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Entry address for an executable image, used by
	      the <command>fis load</command> command.</entry>
	      <entry>The entry address of last loaded file.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-r</entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address where the image should be relocated to by
	      the <command>fis load</command> command. This is only
	      relevant for images that will be loaded with the
	      <command>fis load</command> command.</entry>
	      <entry>The load address of the last loaded file.</entry>
	    </row>
            <row>
	      <entry>-s</entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Actual length of data written to image. This is
	      used to control the range over which the checksum is
	      made.</entry>
	      <entry>It defaults to the length of the last loaded
	      file.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-n</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>When set, no image data will be written to the
	      flash. Only the FIS directory will be updated.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>name</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>String</entry>
	      <entry>Name of flash image.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
<para>This command creates an image in the FIS directory. The data for the
image must exist in RAM memory before the copy. Typically, you would use the
RedBoot <command>load</command> command to load file into
RAM and then the <command>fis create</command> command to write
it to a flash image.</para>
</refsect1>

    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>Trying to create an extant image, will require the action
      to be verified.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fis create RedBoot -f 0xa0000000 -b 0x8c400000 -l 0x20000</userinput>
An image named &lsquo;RedBoot&rsquo; exists - continue (y/n)? <userinput>n</userinput>
</screen>
</para>

<para>Create a new test image, let the command find a suitable place.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fis create junk -b 0x8c400000 -l 0x20000</userinput>
... Erase from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .
... Program from 0x8c400000-0x8c420000 at 0xa0040000: .
... Erase from 0xa0fe0000-0xa1000000: .
... Program from 0x8c7d0000-0x8c7f0000 at 0xa0fe0000: .
</screen>
</para>

<para>Update the RedBoot[RAM] image.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>load redboot_RAM.img</userinput>
Entry point: 0x060213c0, address range: 0x06020000-0x06036cc0                   
RedBoot> <userinput>fis create RedBoot[RAM]</userinput>
No memory address set.
An image named 'RedBoot[RAM]' exists - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>
* CAUTION * about to program 'RedBoot[RAM]'
            at 0x00020000..0x00036cbf from 0x06020000 - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>
... Erase from 0x00020000-0x00040000: ..
... Program from 0x06020000-0x06036cc0 at 0x00020000: ..
... Erase from 0x00070000-0x00080000: .
... Program from 0x0606f000-0x0607f000 at 0x00070000: .
</screen>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

<!-- ******** fis load ************************************************ -->

  <refentry id="fis-load-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis load</refname>
      <refpurpose>Load flash image</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis load</command>
	<arg>-b <replaceable> load address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-c </arg>
	<arg>-d </arg>
	<arg><replaceable>name</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-b</entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address the image should be loaded to. Executable
	      images normally load at the location to which the file
	      was linked. This option allows the image to be loaded to
	      a specific memory location, possibly overriding any
	      assumed location.</entry>
	      <entry>If not specified, the address associated with the
	      image in the FIS directory will be used.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-c</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Compute and print the checksum of the image data
	      after it has been loaded into memory.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-d</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	      <entry>Decompress gzipped image while copying it from
	      flash to RAM.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>name</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>String</entry>
	      <entry>The name of the file, as shown in the FIS
	      directory.</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
<para>This command is used to transfer an image from flash memory to RAM.
</para>
<para>Once the image has been loaded, it may be executed using the
<command>go</command> command.</para>
</refsect1>

    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
<para>Load and run RedBoot[RAM] image.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fis load RedBoot[RAM]</userinput>
RedBoot> <userinput>go</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

<!-- ******** fis delete ************************************************ -->

  <refentry id="fis-delete-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis delete</refname>
      <refpurpose>Delete flash image</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis delete</command>
	<arg choice="req"><replaceable>name</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>name</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Name of image that should be deleted.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
<para>This command removes an image from the FIS. The flash memory will be
erased as part of the execution of this command, as well as removal of the
name from the FIS directory.</para>

<note><para>Certain images are reserved by RedBoot and cannot be deleted.
RedBoot will issue a warning if this is attempted.</para></note>
</refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
<para>
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fis list</userinput>
Name              flash addr   Mem addr    Length    Entry point
RedBoot          0xA0000000   0xA0000000  0x020000  0x80000000
RedBoot config   0xA0FC0000   0xA0FC0000  0x020000  0x00000000
FIS directory    0xA0FE0000   0xA0FE0000  0x020000  0x00000000
junk             0xA0040000   0x8C400000  0x020000  0x80000000
RedBoot> <userinput>fis delete junk</userinput>
Delete image &lsquo;junk&rsquo; - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>
... Erase from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .
... Erase from 0xa0fe0000-0xa1000000: .
... Program from 0x8c7d0000-0x8c7f0000 at 0xa0fe0000: .
</screen>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

<!-- ******** fis lock ************************************************ -->

  <refentry id="fis-lock-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis lock</refname>
      <refpurpose>Lock flash area</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis lock</command>
	<arg choice="req">-f <replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address of area to be locked.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of area to be locked.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
<para>This command is used to write-protect (lock) a portion of flash memory,
to prevent accidental overwriting of images. In order to make make any modifications
to the flash, a matching <command>fis unlock</command> command must be
issued. This command is optional and will only be provided on hardware
which can support write-protection of the flash space.</para>
<note>
<para>Depending on the system, attempting to write to write-protected flash
may generate errors or warnings, or be benignly quiet.  </para>
</note>
</refsect1>

    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
<para>Lock an area of the flash
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fis lock -f 0xa0040000 -l 0x20000</userinput>
... Lock from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .
</screen>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

<!-- ******** fis unlock ************************************************ -->

  <refentry id="fis-unlock-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis unlock</refname>
      <refpurpose>Unlock flash area</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis unlock</command>
	<arg choice="req">-f <replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address of area to be unlocked.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of area to be unlocked.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
<para>This command is used to unlock a portion of flash memory forcibly, allowing
it to be updated. It must be issued for regions which have been locked before
the FIS can reuse those portions of flash.</para>
<note>
<para>Some flash devices power up in locked state and always need to
be manually unlocked before they can be written to.</para></note>
</refsect1>

    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
<para>Unlock an area of the flash
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fis unlock -f 0xa0040000 -l 0x20000</userinput>
... Unlock from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .
</screen>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

<!-- ******** fis erase ************************************************ -->

  <refentry id="fis-erase-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis erase</refname>
      <refpurpose>Erase flash area</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis erase</command>
	<arg choice="req">-f <replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address of area to be erased.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of area to be erased.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
<para>This command is used to erase a portion of flash memory forcibly. There
is no cross-checking to ensure that the area being erased does not correspond
to an existing image.</para>
</refsect1>

    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
<para>Erase an area of the flash
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fis erase -f 0xa0040000 -l 0x20000</userinput>
... Erase from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .
</screen>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

<!-- ******** fis write ************************************************ -->

  <refentry id="fis-write-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>fis write</refname>
      <refpurpose>Write flash area</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>fis write</command>
	<arg choice="req">-b <replaceable>mem_address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg>
	<arg choice="req">-f <replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>mem_address</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address of data to be written to flash.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>length</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of data to be writtem.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></entry>
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address of flash to write to.</entry>
	      <entry></entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
<para>This command is used to write data from memory to flash. There
is no cross-checking to ensure that the area being written to does not
correspond to an existing image.</para>
</refsect1>

    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
<para>Write an area of data to the flash
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fis write -b 0x0606f000 -l 0x1000 -f 0x00020000</userinput>
* CAUTION * about to program FLASH
            at 0x00020000..0x0002ffff from 0x0606f000 - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>
... Erase from 0x00020000-0x00030000: .
... Program from 0x0606f000-0x0607f000 at 0x00020000: .
</screen>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

</sect1>
<sect1 id="Persistent-State-Flash">
<title>Persistent State Flash-based Configuration and Control</title>
<para><indexterm><primary>persistent state flash-based configuration and control
</primary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>flash-based configuration and control
</primary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>configuration and control</primary>
<secondary>flash-based</secondary></indexterm></para>
<para>RedBoot provides flash management support for storage in the flash memory
of multiple executable images and of non-volatile information such as IP addresses
and other network information.</para>
<para>RedBoot on platforms that support flash based configuration information
will report the following message the first time that RedBoot is booted on
the target:</para>
<screen>flash configuration checksum error or invalid key</screen>
<para>This error can be ignored if no flash based configuration is desired,
or can be silenced by running the <command>fconfig</command>
command as described below. At this point you may also wish to run the <command>
fis init</command> command. See other fis commands in <xref linkend="Flash-Image-System">.
</para>
<para>Certain control and configuration information used by RedBoot can be
stored in flash. </para>
<para>The details of what information is maintained in flash differ, based
on the platform and the configuration. However, the basic operation used to
maintain this information is the same. Using the <command>fconfig -l
</command> command, the information may be displayed and/or changed.
</para>
<para>If the optional flag <computeroutput>-i</computeroutput> is specified,
then the configuration database will be reset to its default
state. This is also needed the first time RedBoot is installed on the
target, or when updating to a newer RedBoot with different
configuration keys.
</para>
<para>If the optional flag <computeroutput>-l</computeroutput> is specified,
the configuration data is simply listed. Otherwise, each configuration parameter
will be displayed and you are given a chance to change it. The entire value
must be typed - typing just carriage return will leave a value unchanged.
Boolean values may be entered using the first letter (<computeroutput>t</computeroutput>
for true, <computeroutput>f</computeroutput> for false). At any time the editing
process may be stopped simply by entering a period (.) on the line. Entering
the caret (^) moves the editing back to the previous item. See &ldquo;RedBoot
Editing Commands&rdquo;, <xref linkend="RedBoot-Editing-Commands">. </para>
<para>If any changes are made in the configuration, then the updated data
will be written back to flash after getting acknowledgment from the user.
</para>
<para>
If the optional flag <computeroutput>-n</computeroutput> is specified
(with or without <computeroutput>-l</computeroutput>) then &ldquo;nicknames&rdquo;
of the entries are used.  These are shorter and less descriptive than
&ldquo;full&rdquo; names.  The full name may also be displayed by adding the
<computeroutput>-f</computeroutput> flag.</para>
<para>The reason for telling you nicknames is that a quick way to set a single
entry is provided, using the format
<screen>
  RedBoot> <userinput>fconfig <replaceable>nickname</replaceable> <replaceable>value
</replaceable></userinput></screen>
If no
value is supplied, the command will list and prompt for only that entry.
If a value is supplied, then the entry will be set to that value.  You will
be prompted whether to write the new information into flash if any change
was made.  For example
<screen>
  RedBoot> <userinput>fconfig -l -n</userinput>
  boot_script: false
  bootp: false
  bootp_my_ip: 10.16.19.176
  bootp_server_ip: 10.16.19.66
  dns_ip: 10.16.19.1
  gdb_port: 9000
  net_debug: false
  RedBoot> <userinput>fconfig bootp_my_ip 10.16.19.177</userinput>
  bootp_my_ip: 10.16.19.176 Setting to 10.16.19.177
  Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>
  ... Unlock from 0x507c0000-0x507e0000: .
  ... Erase from 0x507c0000-0x507e0000: .
  ... Program from 0x0000a8d0-0x0000acd0 at 0x507c0000: .
  ... Lock from 0x507c0000-0x507e0000: .
  RedBoot>
</screen>
</para><para>
Additionally, nicknames can be used like aliases via the format %{nickname}.
This allows the values stored by <userinput>fconfig</userinput> to be used
directly by scripts and commands.
</para>
<para>Depending on how your terminal program is connected and its
capabilities, you might find that you are unable to use line-editing to
delete the &lsquo;old&rsquo; value when using the default behaviour of
<command>fconfig <replaceable>nickname</replaceable></command> or just
plain <command>fconfig</command>, as shown in this example:
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fco bootp</userinput>
bootp: false&lowbar;
</screen>
The user deletes the word &ldquo;false;&rdquo and enters &ldquo;true&rdquo;
so the display looks like this:
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fco bootp</userinput>
bootp: <userinput>true</userinput>
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? y
... Unlock from ...
RedBoot> &lowbar;
</screen>
</para>
<para>To edit when you cannot backspace, use the optional flag
<computeroutput>-d</computeroutput> (for &ldquo;dumb terminal&rdquo;)
to provide a simpler interface thus:
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fco -d bootp</userinput>
bootp: false ? &lowbar;
</screen>
and you enter the value in the obvious manner thus:
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fco -d bootp</userinput>
bootp: false ? <userinput>true</userinput>
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? y
... Unlock from ...
RedBoot> &lowbar;
</screen>
</para>
<para>One item which is always present in the configuration data is the ability
to execute a script at boot time. A sequence of RedBoot commands can be entered
which will be executed when the system starts up. Optionally, a time-out period
can be provided which allows the user to abort the startup script and proceed
with normal command processing from the console.     </para>
<para><screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fconfig -l</userinput>
Run script at boot: false
Use BOOTP for network configuration: false
Local IP address: 192.168.1.29
Default server IP address: 192.168.1.101
DNS server IP address: 192.168.1.1
GDB connection port: 9000
Network debug at boot time: false
</screen></para>
<para>The following example sets a boot script and then shows it running.
    </para>
<para>
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fconfig</userinput>
Run script at boot: false <userinput>t</userinput>
      Boot script:
Enter script, terminate with empty line
>> <userinput>fi li</userinput>
    Boot script timeout: 0 <userinput>10</userinput>
Use BOOTP for network configuration: false .
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>
... Erase from 0xa0fc0000-0xa0fe0000: .
... Program from 0x8c021f60-0x8c022360 at 0xa0fc0000: .
RedBoot>
RedBoot(tm) debug environment - built 08:22:24, Aug 23 2000
Copyright (C) 2000, Red Hat, Inc.


RAM: 0x8c000000-0x8c800000
flash: 0xa0000000 - 0xa1000000, 128 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes ea.
Socket Communications, Inc: Low Power Ethernet CF Revision C \
5V/3.3V 08/27/98 IP: 192.168.1.29, Default server: 192.168.1.101 \
== Executing boot script in 10 seconds - enter ^C to abort
RedBoot> <userinput>fi li</userinput>
Name              flash addr   Mem addr    Length    Entry point
RedBoot          0xA0000000   0xA0000000  0x020000  0x80000000
RedBoot config   0xA0FC0000   0xA0FC0000  0x020000  0x00000000
FIS directory    0xA0FE0000   0xA0FE0000  0x020000  0x00000000
RedBoot>
</screen>
</para>
<note><title>NOTE</title>
<para>The bold characters above indicate where something was entered on the
console. As you can see, the <command>fi li</command> command
at the end came from the script,
not the console. Once the script is executed, command processing reverts to
the console. </para>
</note>
<para>
<note><title>NOTE</title>
<para>
RedBoot supports the notion of a boot script timeout, i.e. a period of
time that RedBoot waits before executing the boot time script.  This period
is primarily to allow the possibility of canceling the script.  Since
a timeout value of zero (0) seconds would never allow the script to
be aborted or canceled, this value is not allowed.  If the timeout
value is zero, then RedBoot will abort the script execution immediately.
</para>
</note>
On many targets, RedBoot may be configured to run from ROM or it may be
configured to run from RAM. Other configurations are also possible. All
RedBoot configurations will execute the boot script, but in certain cases
it may be desirable to limit the execution of certain script commands to
one RedBoot configuration or the other. This can be accomplished by
prepending <computeroutput>{&lt;startup type>}</computeroutput> to the
commands which should be executed only by the RedBoot configured for the
specified startup type. The following boot script illustrates this concept
by having the ROM based RedBoot load and run the RAM based RedBoot. The RAM
based RedBoot will then list flash images.</para>
<para><screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>fco</userinput>
Run script at boot: false <userinput>t</userinput>
Boot script:
Enter script, terminate with empty line
>> <userinput>{ROM}fis load RedBoot[RAM]</userinput>
>> <userinput>{ROM}go</userinput>
>> <userinput>{RAM}fis li</userinput>
>>
Boot script timeout (1000ms resolution): <userinput>2</userinput>
Use BOOTP for network configuration: <userinput>false</userinput>
 ...
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>
... Unlock from 0x007c0000-0x007e0000: .
... Erase from 0x007c0000-0x007e0000: .
... Program from 0xa0015030-0xa0016030 at 0x007df000: .
... Lock from 0x007c0000-0x007e0000: .
RedBoot> <userinput>reset</userinput>
... Resetting.
+Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:80:4d:46:01:05
IP: 192.168.1.153, Default server: 192.168.1.10

RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [ROM]
Red Hat certified release, version R1.xx - built 17:37:36, Aug 14 2001

Platform: IQ80310 (XScale)
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, Red Hat, Inc.

RAM: 0xa0000000-0xa2000000, 0xa001b088-0xa1fdf000 available
FLASH: 0x00000000 - 0x00800000, 64 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes each.
== Executing boot script in 2.000 seconds - enter ^C to abort
RedBoot> <userinput>fis load RedBoot[RAM]</userinput>
RedBoot> <userinput>go</userinput>
+Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:80:4d:46:01:05
IP: 192.168.1.153, Default server: 192.168.1.10

RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [RAM]
Red Hat certified release, version R1.xx - built 13:03:47, Aug 14 2001

Platform: IQ80310 (XScale)
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, Red Hat, Inc.

RAM: 0xa0000000-0xa2000000, 0xa0057fe8-0xa1fdf000 available
FLASH: 0x00000000 - 0x00800000, 64 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes each.
== Executing boot script in 2.000 seconds - enter ^C to abort
RedBoot> <userinput>fis li</userinput>
Name              FLASH addr  Mem addr    Length      Entry point
RedBoot           0x00000000  0x00000000  0x00040000  0x00002000
RedBoot config    0x007DF000  0x007DF000  0x00001000  0x00000000
FIS directory     0x007E0000  0x007E0000  0x00020000  0x00000000
RedBoot>
</screen></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="executing-programs">
<title>Executing Programs from RedBoot</title>
<para><indexterm><primary>executing programs</primary></indexterm><indexterm>
<primary>RedBoot</primary><secondary>executing programs</secondary></indexterm>Once
an image has been loaded into memory, either via the <command>load
</command> command or the <command>fis load</command>
command, execution may be transfered to that image.</para>
<para>  <note><title>NOTE</title>
<para>The image is assumed to be a stand-alone entity, as RedBoot gives the
entire platform over to it. Typical examples would be an eCos application
or a Linux kernel.</para>
</note></para>


<!-- ******** go *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="go-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>go</refname>
      <refpurpose>Execute a program</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>go</command>
	<arg>-w <replaceable> timeout</replaceable></arg>
	<arg><replaceable> start_address</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-w <replaceable>timeout</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>How long to wait before starting execution.</entry>	     
	      <entry>0</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>start_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address in memory to begin execution.</entry>	     
	      <entry>Value set by last <command>load</command> or <command>fis load</command> command.</entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>
The <command>go</command> command causes RedBoot to give control of the target platform to
another program.  This program must execute stand alone, e.g. an eCos
application or a Linux kernel.
      </para>
      <para>
If the -w option is used, RedBoot will print a message and then
wait for a period of time before starting the execution.  This is
most useful in a script, giving the user a chance to abort executing
a program and move on in the script.
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Execute a program - <emphasis>no explicit output from RedBoot</emphasis>.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>go 0x40040</userinput>
</screen> 
      </para>
      <para>
Execute a program with a timeout.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>go -w 10</userinput>
About to start execution at 0x00000000 - abort with ^C within 10 seconds
^C
RedBoot>
</screen> 
Note that the starting address was implied (0x00000000 in this example).
The user is prompted that execution will commence in 10 seconds.  At
anytime within that 10 seconds the user may type  <guibutton>Ctrl+C</guibutton>
on the console and RedBoot will abort execution and return for the next
command, either from a script or the console.
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

<!-- ******** exec *************************************************** -->
  <refentry id="exec-command">
    <refnamediv>
      <refname>exec</refname>
      <refpurpose>Execute a Linux kernel</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>exec</command>
	<arg>-w <replaceable> timeout</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-r <replaceable> ramdisk_address</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-s <replaceable> ramdisk_length</replaceable></arg>
	<arg>-b <replaceable> load_address</replaceable>
   	   <arg choice="req">-l <replaceable> load_length</replaceable></arg>
        </arg>
	<arg>-c <replaceable> kernel_command_line</replaceable></arg>
	<arg><replaceable> entry_point</replaceable></arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Arguments</title>
      <informaltable frame="all">
	<tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
	  <colspec colname="c1">
	  <colspec colname="c2">
	  <colspec colname="c3">
	  <colspec colname="c4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Name</entry>
	      <entry>Type</entry>
	      <entry>Description</entry>
	      <entry>Default</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-w <replaceable>timeout</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Time to wait before starting execution.</entry>	     
	      <entry>0</entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-r <replaceable>ramdisk_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address in memory of "initrd"-style ramdisk - passed to Linux kernel.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>None</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-s <replaceable>ramdisk_length</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of ramdisk image - passed to Linux kernel.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>None</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-b <replaceable>load_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Address in memory of the Linux kernel image.</entry>	     
	      <entry>Value set by <command>load</command> or <command>fis load</command></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-l <replaceable>load_length</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Length of Linux kernel image.</entry>
	      <entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry>-c <replaceable>kernel_command_line</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>String</entry>
	      <entry>Command line to pass to the Linux kernel.</entry>	     
	      <entry><emphasis>None</emphasis></entry>	     
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><replaceable>entry_address</replaceable></entry>	     
	      <entry>Number</entry>
	      <entry>Starting address for Linux kernel execution</entry>	     
	      <entry>Implied by architecture</entry>	     
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Description</title>
      <para>
The <command>exec</command> command is used to execute a non-eCos application, typically a
Linux kernel. Additional information may be passed to the kernel at startup
time. This command is quite special (and unique from the <command>go</command> command) in
that the program being executed may expect certain environmental setups, for
example that the MMU is turned off, etc. </para>
<para>The Linux kernel expects to have been loaded to a particular memory
location which is architecture dependent(0xC0008000 in the case of the SA1110). 
Since this memory is  used
by RedBoot internally, it is not possible to load the kernel to that location
directly. Thus the requirement for the "-b" option which tells the command
where the kernel has been loaded. When the <command>exec</command> command runs, the image will
be relocated to the appropriate location before being started. The "-r" and
"-s" options are used to pass information to the kernel about where a statically
loaded ramdisk (initrd) is located.</para>
<para>The "-c" option can be used to pass textual "command line" information
to the kernel.  If the command line data contains any punctuation (spaces,
etc), then it must be quoted using the double-quote character '"'. If the
quote character is required, it should be written as '\"'.
      </para>
    </refsect1>
    <refsect1>
      <title>Examples</title>
      <para>
Execute a Linux kernel, passing a command line, which needs relocation.
The result from RedBoot is normally quiet, with the target platform being
passed over to Linux immediately.
<screen>
RedBoot> <userinput>exec -b 0x100000 -l 0x80000 -c "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 console=ttySA0"</userinput>
</screen> 
      </para>
      <para>
Execute a Linux kernel, default entry address and no relocation required, with a timeout.  
The <emphasis> emphasized lines</emphasis> are output from the loaded kernel.
<screen> 
RedBoot> exec <userinput>-c "console=ttyS0,38400 ip=dhcp nfsroot=/export/elfs-sh" -w 5</userinput>
Now booting linux kernel:
Base address 0x8c001000 Entry 0x8c210000
Cmdline : console=ttyS0,38400 ip=dhcp nfsroot=/export/elfs-sh
About to start execution at 0x8x210000 - abort with ^C within 5 seconds
<emphasis>
Linux version 2.4.10-pre6 (...) (gcc version 3.1-stdsh-010931) #3 Thu Sep 27 11:04:23 BST 2001
</emphasis>
</screen> 
      </para>
    </refsect1>
  </refentry>

</sect1>
</chapter>
